{"id":1467,"date":"2026-07-02T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-02T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foodias.com\/?p=1467"},"modified":"2026-07-02T07:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-02T07:00:00","slug":"%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d8%b0%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foodias.com\/?p=1467","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"<div aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\">\n<p>\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1916 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5.25H9C9.41421 5.25 9.75 5.58579 9.75 6C9.75 6.41421 9.41421 6.75 9 6.75H8Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><path d=\"M8.24991 11.9999C8.24991 11.5857 8.58569 11.2499 8.99991 11.2499H14.9999C15.4141 11.2499 15.7499 11.5857 15.7499 11.9999C15.7499 12.4142 15.4141 12.7499 14.9999 12.7499H8.99991C8.58569 12.7499 8.24991 12.4142 8.24991 11.9999Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.25C14.5858 5.25 14.25 5.58579 14.25 6C14.25 6.41421 14.5858 6.75 15 6.75H16C18.8995 6.75 21.25 9.10051 21.25 12C21.25 14.8995 18.8995 17.25 16 17.25H15C14.5858 17.25 14.25 17.5858 14.25 18C14.25 18.4142 14.5858 18.75 15 18.75H16C19.7279 18.75 22.75 15.7279 22.75 12C22.75 8.27208 19.7279 5.25 16 5.25H15Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c 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id=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\" class=\"heading-with-anchor\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<span title=\"\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\" class=\"heading-anchor-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24px\" height=\"24px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M8 6.75C5.10051 6.75 2.75 9.10051 2.75 12C2.75 14.8995 5.10051 17.25 8 17.25H9C9.41421 17.25 9.75 17.5858 9.75 18C9.75 18.4142 9.41421 18.75 9 18.75H8C4.27208 18.75 1.25 15.7279 1.25 12C1.25 8.27208 4.27208 5.25 8 5.25H9C9.41421 5.25 9.75 5.58579 9.75 6C9.75 6.41421 9.41421 6.75 9 6.75H8Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><path d=\"M8.24991 11.9999C8.24991 11.5857 8.58569 11.2499 8.99991 11.2499H14.9999C15.4141 11.2499 15.7499 11.5857 15.7499 11.9999C15.7499 12.4142 15.4141 12.7499 14.9999 12.7499H8.99991C8.58569 12.7499 8.24991 12.4142 8.24991 11.9999Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.25C14.5858 5.25 14.25 5.58579 14.25 6C14.25 6.41421 14.5858 6.75 15 6.75H16C18.8995 6.75 21.25 9.10051 21.25 12C21.25 14.8995 18.8995 17.25 16 17.25H15C14.5858 17.25 14.25 17.5858 14.25 18C14.25 18.4142 14.5858 18.75 15 18.75H16C19.7279 18.75 22.75 15.7279 22.75 12C22.75 8.27208 19.7279 5.25 16 5.25H15Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 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24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M8 6.75C5.10051 6.75 2.75 9.10051 2.75 12C2.75 14.8995 5.10051 17.25 8 17.25H9C9.41421 17.25 9.75 17.5858 9.75 18C9.75 18.4142 9.41421 18.75 9 18.75H8C4.27208 18.75 1.25 15.7279 1.25 12C1.25 8.27208 4.27208 5.25 8 5.25H9C9.41421 5.25 9.75 5.58579 9.75 6C9.75 6.41421 9.41421 6.75 9 6.75H8Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><path d=\"M8.24991 11.9999C8.24991 11.5857 8.58569 11.2499 8.99991 11.2499H14.9999C15.4141 11.2499 15.7499 11.5857 15.7499 11.9999C15.7499 12.4142 15.4141 12.7499 14.9999 12.7499H8.99991C8.58569 12.7499 8.24991 12.4142 8.24991 11.9999Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.25C14.5858 5.25 14.25 5.58579 14.25 6C14.25 6.41421 14.5858 6.75 15 6.75H16C18.8995 6.75 21.25 9.10051 21.25 12C21.25 14.8995 18.8995 17.25 16 17.25H15C14.5858 17.25 14.25 17.5858 14.25 18C14.25 18.4142 14.5858 18.75 15 18.75H16C19.7279 18.75 22.75 15.7279 22.75 12C22.75 8.27208 19.7279 5.25 16 5.25H15Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 (1884-1885): \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f. \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a 26 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1885 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 &#8220;\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 104 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 34 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f (1880): \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b:<\/strong> \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1906): \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (13 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a\" class=\"heading-with-anchor\">\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<span title=\"\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\" class=\"heading-anchor-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24px\" height=\"24px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M8 6.75C5.10051 6.75 2.75 9.10051 2.75 12C2.75 14.8995 5.10051 17.25 8 17.25H9C9.41421 17.25 9.75 17.5858 9.75 18C9.75 18.4142 9.41421 18.75 9 18.75H8C4.27208 18.75 1.25 15.7279 1.25 12C1.25 8.27208 4.27208 5.25 8 5.25H9C9.41421 5.25 9.75 5.58579 9.75 6C9.75 6.41421 9.41421 6.75 9 6.75H8Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><path d=\"M8.24991 11.9999C8.24991 11.5857 8.58569 11.2499 8.99991 11.2499H14.9999C15.4141 11.2499 15.7499 11.5857 15.7499 11.9999C15.7499 12.4142 15.4141 12.7499 14.9999 12.7499H8.99991C8.58569 12.7499 8.24991 12.4142 8.24991 11.9999Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.25C14.5858 5.25 14.25 5.58579 14.25 6C14.25 6.41421 14.5858 6.75 15 6.75H16C18.8995 6.75 21.25 9.10051 21.25 12C21.25 14.8995 18.8995 17.25 16 17.25H15C14.5858 17.25 14.25 17.5858 14.25 18C14.25 18.4142 14.5858 18.75 15 18.75H16C19.7279 18.75 22.75 15.7279 22.75 12C22.75 8.27208 19.7279 5.25 16 5.25H15Z\" fill=\"#1C274C\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a 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